It is not so known fact that this powerful unix world command
sed
could be used with other delimiter than “/” (when replacing words or characters), which is used in 100% of the time in the Internet examples.
You probably know the syntax from the manual like:
s/regexp/replacement/
Attempt to match regexp against the pattern space. If successful, replace that portion matched with replacement. The replacement may con‐
tain the special character & to refer to that portion of the pattern space which matched, and the special escapes \1 through \9 to refer to
the corresponding matching sub-expressions in the regexp.
The Internet examples always use “/” as shown in the man, BUT you CAN use “#” instead of “/” for example:
s#regexp#replacement#g
or
s:regexp:replacement:g
or you can even use letter character (not a special character as “!@#$%#^”):
sRregexpRreplacementRg
and with “r” lower case (you see not so readable, but possible!)
srregexprreplacementrg
Here are the examples:
sed 's@else@elllllse@g' test.php
sed 's#else#elllllse#g' test.php
sed 's:else:elllllse:g' test.php
sed 's~else~elllllse~g' test.php
sed 's!else!elllllse!g' test.php
sed 'spelsepelllllsepg' test.php
sed 'sRelseRelllllseRg' test.php
#could be paired with "-i", too
sed 'spelsepelllllsepg' -i test.php
sed 'sRelseRelllllseRg' -i test.php
What does it mean to you? The simple implication is you are not forced to escape characters in your regexp and replacement part. Consider you want to replace part of a unix/linux path string: /home/myuser/Desktop/mydirectory1/myfile.log if you use the default “/” you MUST escape all the “/” in your string:
sed 's/\/home\/myuser\/Desktop\/mydirectory1\/myfile.log/\/home\/user\/Desktop\/mydirectory2\/myfile.log/g' test.log
versus the simpler and more readable version with “#”
sed 's#/home/myuser/Desktop/mydirectory1/myfile.log#/home/user/Desktop/mydirectory2/myfile.log#g' test.log
And consider you use an variable:
cat file.test | sed "s/\[version\]/${PKGVERSION}/g"
* additional explanations:
/g (or what ever character is used for delimiter like “@”, “:”, “~” and so on) is for “Apply the replacement to all matches to the regexp, not just the first.”
-i (used in some of the examples above) is for inline replacement – the file you add in the sed command will be modified and the replacement will be saved in the file (the default behavior is to show the modified output in the standard output – console output)
to install NVIDIA Cuda we need the NVIDIA proprietary driver working (and the libraries and files it provides). Ubuntu and most linux distributions come with the open source driver nouveau, but it is with limited performance and capabilities. For gaming and development you will need the official NVIDIA driver, the SDK and many additional proprietary libraries.
This howto is a sort of continuing the Install NVIDIA proprietary drivers on Ubuntu 18.0 LTS (x86_64) where we install the proprietary driver from the unofficial community driven repository “Graphics Drivers” team. This is Personal Package Archives (PPA) repository! So you should check it, too and be careful about this repository as the maintainers say. For completeness will include all the steps to install the NVIDIA proprietary driver (and for more details for this part just read the specific howto we offer above) and Cuda.
Here are the steps to install NVIDIA CUDA on Ubuntu 18.0 LTS (x86_64) with the help of ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
STEP 1) Update your current repositories, add the new repository, update again and install the NVIDIA driver with the tool ubuntu-drivers
As you can see the nvidia 396 driver is going to be installed in our system. You can see all the additional (some of which are dependencies) packages to be installed.
After the reboot you should see something similar in your dmesg:
The new Ubuntu release is here and as usual it comes with nouveau kernel module for your NVIDIA GPU. Probably this driver is good for everyday office use, but if you like to play games you will need the proprietary driver from NVIDIA for sure! Here are the steps to install the official drivers from NVIDIA with the help of the unofficial community driven repository “Graphics Drivers” team. This is Personal Package Archives (PPA) repository! DKMS is used for building the NVIDIA kernel module when a new kernel is installed. So you do not have to worry if you update your kernel.
Be careful as it is stated in the repository:
Important: The contents of Personal Package Archives are not checked or monitored. You install software from them at your own risk.
and
You can update your system with unsupported packages from this untrusted PPA by adding …
Still till now no major problems in this repository from its creation and if you just have a home computer and you are a novice in Ubuntu (linux) world you can use this approach of installing NVIDIA proprietary drivers. There is another way of installing the NVIDIA driver from an official source and we are going to cover it soon (coming soon).
STEP 1) Update your system.
Always do this step before installing new software or repositories!
myuser@srv:~$ sudo apt update -y
STEP 2) Add the new repository, which has the nvidia proprietary driver – ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
As you can see we use a tool for installing drivers under Ubuntu:
ubuntu-drivers
which is part of this package “ubuntu-drivers-common” and it should be installed by default if missing just install it with apt (look below for more information).
As you can see the nvidia 396 driver is going to be installed in our system. We included part of the output – the packages, which will be installed. When the setup is ready reboot your system to load the newly installed driver.
Yes, new major system upgrade new rules. If you’ve installed openssh server till Ubuntu 18 (Bionic Beaver) with just the simple command:
myuser@srv:~$ sudo apt-get install -y openssh-server
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package openssh-server is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source
E: Package 'openssh-server' has no installation candidate
myuser@srv:~$
Now it is impossible as you can see. It is strange why they just did not include it as an alias just to prevent you from searching the Net (google?).
So there is a new way of installing OpenSSH server – it is a software collection called “OpenSSH server” and there is a new tool to manage such collections:
tasksel
So you must use tasksel to install OpenSSH server, here is the three command you should use:
This tutorial will show you the simple steps of installing a modern Linux Distribution – Ubuntu Desktop 18.04 LTS. Here we present the more advanced setup installation, when you have already had installed operating systems, so this installation will add Ubuntu 18.04 LTS to our two existing ones – Microsoft Windows 10 Professional and Fedora Workstation 28. So we have 3 hard disks – one is NVME, the other two are SSDs and we want to install our Ubuntu 18.04 to the first disk – “sda” in this case. Our first SSD has two partitions, which we will remove and make new disk layout for the Ubuntu installation with three partitions.
Ubuntu Desktop 18.04 LTS comes with the following software:
Xorg X server – 1.19.6
GNOME (the GUI) – 3.28.1
linux kernel – 4.15.0
linux-firmware – 1.173
QT – 5.9.5
libc – 2.27
gnu gcc – 7.3.0
coreutils – 8.28
python2.7 (default) – 2.7.15
python3 – 3.6.5
perl – 5.26.1
apt – 1.6.1
cups – 2.2.7
We used the following ISO for the installation process – Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver):
It is a LIVE image so you can try it before installing. The easiest way is just to download the image and burn it to a DVD disk and then follow the installation below:
STEP 1) Change to “Install Ubuntu” and hit enter.
To install Ubuntu from your DVD or USB you must boot from it, so change your BIOS accordingly – first boot devide should be the DVD or USB drive with Ubunto installation. If you do it successfully you would see the screenshot below. Install Ubuntu grub option Keep on reading!
This tutorial will show you the simple steps of installing a modern Linux Distribution like Fedora 28 Workstation with Gnome for the user graphical interface. First we present the basic steps for installing the Operating system in addition to your present operating systems (here we have two: Windows 10 and Ubuntu 18) and then you can see some screenshots of the installed system and the look and feel of it. We have another tutorials showing more screenshots of the installed and working Fedora 28 (Gnome and KDE plasma) – so you can decide which of them to try first – coming soon.
The installation process is very similar to the old Fedora Workstation 27, in fact the main difference is the creation of an user, which the setup is not responsible anymore, the creation of an user is done by the first boot after installation. Our system was pretty new – Asus X399 with AMD Ryzen Threadripper 1950X and NVIDIA 1080 Ti and the setup loaded successfully and there were no problems till the end.
We used the following ISO for the installation process:
It is a LIVE image so you can try it before installing. The easiest way is just to download the image and burn it to a DVD disk and then follow the installation below:
STEP 1) If you booted from the DVD you would get this first screen – select “Start Fedora-Workstation-Live 28” and hit Enter
Thanks to xmr-stak we can have one application capable of mining many different cryptocurrencies based on different algorithms. XMR-STAK is GPU and CPU miner, here we present only the CPU ability under Fedora 28, not all setups have a good video GPU, but you can have a decent CPU, which could be used to mine! For example AMD Ryzen Threadripper 1950X has a good performance on my crypto algorithms, even a better performance than the GPU mining.
Here we use AMD Ryzen Threadripper 1950X, which has 12 cores and 32 threads. Our setup is ASUS ROG ZENITH EXTREME (X399 Chipset) motherboard with 32G (4x8G CROSSHAIR VI HERO) DIMM DDR4 Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregistered) 2133 MHz (0.5 ns) and AMD Ryzen Threadripper 1950X. It can do 1253.5 cryptonight_v7 hashes per second.
Here are the steps you should do to install (in fact install dependencies and compile the miner) and to begin CPU mining:
Update your system and install the needed dependencies
[myuser@localhost ~]$ git clone https://github.com/fireice-uk/xmr-stak.git
Cloning into 'xmr-stak'...
remote: Counting objects: 4931, done.
remote: Total 4931 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 4930
Receiving objects: 100% (4931/4931), 1.45 MiB | 2.07 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (3515/3515), done.
[myuser@localhost ~]$ mkdir xmr-stak/build
[myuser@localhost ~]$ cd xmr-stak/build
[myuser@localhost build]$ export CFLAGS="-O2 -march=native -msse3 -fomit-frame-pointer -pipe"
[myuser@localhost build]$ export CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"
[myuser@localhost build]$ export CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
[myuser@localhost build]$ export LDFLAGS="-Wl,-O1"
[myuser@localhost build]$ cmake .. -DCUDA_ENABLE=OFF -DOpenCL_ENABLE=OFF
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 8.1.1
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 8.1.1
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Looking for pthread.h
-- Looking for pthread.h - found
-- Looking for pthread_create
-- Looking for pthread_create - not found
-- Looking for pthread_create in pthreads
-- Looking for pthread_create in pthreads - not found
-- Looking for pthread_create in pthread
-- Looking for pthread_create in pthread - found
-- Found Threads: TRUE
-- Found OpenSSL: /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so (found version "1.1.0h")
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/myuser/xmr-stak/build
[myuser@localhost build]$ make -j 16
Scanning dependencies of target xmr-stak-c
[ 3%] Building C object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-c.dir/xmrstak/backend/cpu/crypto/c_blake256.c.o
[ 7%] Building C object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-c.dir/xmrstak/backend/cpu/crypto/c_groestl.c.o
[ 11%] Building C object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-c.dir/xmrstak/backend/cpu/crypto/c_skein.c.o
[ 15%] Building C object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-c.dir/xmrstak/backend/cpu/crypto/c_keccak.c.o
[ 19%] Building C object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-c.dir/xmrstak/backend/cpu/crypto/c_jh.c.o
[ 23%] Linking C static library bin/libxmr-stak-c.a
[ 23%] Built target xmr-stak-c
Scanning dependencies of target xmr-stak-backend
[ 26%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/version.cpp.o
[ 34%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/backend/cpu/hwlocMemory.cpp.o
[ 34%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/backend/globalStates.cpp.o
[ 42%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/jconf.cpp.o
[ 42%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/backend/cpu/minethd.cpp.o
[ 46%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/backend/backendConnector.cpp.o
[ 57%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/http/httpd.cpp.o
[ 57%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/backend/cpu/crypto/cryptonight_common.cpp.o
[ 57%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/backend/cpu/jconf.cpp.o
[ 61%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/http/webdesign.cpp.o
[ 65%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/misc/executor.cpp.o
[ 69%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/misc/console.cpp.o
[ 73%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/misc/uac.cpp.o
[ 76%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/misc/utility.cpp.o
[ 80%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/net/jpsock.cpp.o
[ 84%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/misc/telemetry.cpp.o
[ 88%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/net/socket.cpp.o
[ 92%] Linking CXX static library bin/libxmr-stak-backend.a
[ 92%] Built target xmr-stak-backend
Scanning dependencies of target xmr-stak
[ 96%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak.dir/xmrstak/cli/cli-miner.cpp.o
[100%] Linking CXX executable bin/xmr-stak
[100%] Built target xmr-stak
Execute the program to see if everything is OK. With the help output you can see how many algorithms are supported as of version 2.4.5 of xmr-stak.
[myuser@localhost build]$ cd bin
[myuser@localhost bin]$ ./xmr-stak --help
Usage: xmr-stak [OPTION]...
-h, --help show this help
-v, --version show version number
-V, --version-long show long version number
-c, --config FILE common miner configuration file
-C, --poolconf FILE pool configuration file
--benchmark BLOCKVERSION ONLY do a benchmark and exit
--benchwait WAIT_SEC ... benchmark wait time
--benchwork WORK_SEC ... benchmark work time
--noCPU disable the CPU miner backend
--cpu FILE CPU backend miner config file
-i --httpd HTTP_PORT HTTP interface port
The following options can be used for automatic start without a guided config,
If config exists then this pool will be top priority.
-o, --url URL pool url and port, e.g. pool.usxmrpool.com:3333
-O, --tls-url URL TLS pool url and port, e.g. pool.usxmrpool.com:10443
-u, --user USERNAME pool user name or wallet address
-r, --rigid RIGID rig identifier for pool-side statistics (needs pool support)
-p, --pass PASSWD pool password, in the most cases x or empty ""
--use-nicehash the pool should run in nicehash mode
--currency NAME currency to mine
Supported coin options:
- aeon7
- bbscoin
- croat
- cryptonight
- cryptonight_masari
- cryptonight_haven
- cryptonight_heavy
- cryptonight_lite
- cryptonight_lite_v7
- cryptonight_lite_v7_xor
- cryptonight_v7
- cryptonight_v7_stellite
- edollar
- electroneum
- graft
- haven
- intense
- ipbc
- karbo
- masari
- monero7
- stellite
- sumokoin
- turtlecoin
Version: xmr-stak 2.4.5 b3f79de
Brought to by fireice_uk and psychocrypt under GPLv3.
Electroneum CPU mining with XMR-STAK
Using Cryptonote V7 Variant 1 (aka. “monerov7″/”cryptonight_v7”) algorithm. First run.
Couple of important questions to answer:
Please enter the currency that you want to mine: cryptonight_v7
Username (wallet address or pool login): etnk111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 – this is your address, put here your real public wallet address, DO NOT PUT THIS FALSE ADDRESS
Pool address: pool.etn.spacepools.org:3333 – the pool address to use, we use etn.spacepools.org pool
Username (wallet address or pool login): your email address
[myuser@localhost bin]$ screen -R mining
[myuser@srv bin]# sudo sysctl -w vm.nr_hugepages=128
[sudo] password for myuser:
vm.nr_hugepages = 128
[myuser@localhost bin]$ ./xmr-stak
Please enter:
- Do you want to use the HTTP interface?
Unlike the screen display, browser interface is not affected by the GPU lag.
If you don't want to use it, please enter 0, otherwise enter port number that the miner should listen on
0
Configuration stored in file 'config.txt'
Please enter:
- Please enter the currency that you want to mine:
- aeon7
- bbscoin
- croat
- cryptonight
- cryptonight_masari
- cryptonight_haven
- cryptonight_heavy
- cryptonight_lite
- cryptonight_lite_v7
- cryptonight_lite_v7_xor
- cryptonight_v7
- cryptonight_v7_stellite
- edollar
- electroneum
- graft
- haven
- intense
- ipbc
- karbo
- masari
- monero7
- stellite
- sumokoin
- turtlecoin
cryptonight_v7
- Pool address: e.g. pool.example.com:3333
pool.etn.spacepools.org:3333
- Username (wallet address or pool login):
etnk111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
- Password (mostly empty or x):
myuser@example.com
- Rig identifier for pool-side statistics (needs pool support). Can be empty:
- Does this pool port support TLS/SSL? Use no if unknown. (y/N)
N
- Do you want to use nicehash on this pool? (y/n)
n
- Do you want to use multiple pools? (y/n)
n
Pool configuration stored in file 'pools.txt'
-------------------------------------------------------------------
xmr-stak 2.4.5 b3f79de
Brought to you by fireice_uk and psychocrypt under GPLv3.
Based on CPU mining code by wolf9466 (heavily optimized by fireice_uk).
Configurable dev donation level is set to 2.0%
You can use following keys to display reports:
'h' - hashrate
'r' - results
'c' - connection
-------------------------------------------------------------------
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : Mining coin: cryptonight_v7
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : CPU configuration stored in file 'cpu.txt'
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : Starting 1x thread, affinity: 0.
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : hwloc: memory pinned
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : Starting 1x thread, affinity: 1.
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : hwloc: memory pinned
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : Starting 1x thread, affinity: 2.
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : hwloc: memory pinned
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : Starting 1x thread, affinity: 3.
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : hwloc: memory pinned
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : Starting 1x thread, affinity: 4.
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : hwloc: memory pinned
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : Starting 1x thread, affinity: 5.
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : hwloc: memory pinned
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : Starting 1x thread, affinity: 6.
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : hwloc: memory pinned
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : Starting 1x thread, affinity: 7.
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : hwloc: memory pinned
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : Starting 1x thread, affinity: 8.
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : hwloc: memory pinned
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : Starting 1x thread, affinity: 9.
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : hwloc: memory pinned
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : Starting 1x thread, affinity: 10.
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : hwloc: memory pinned
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : Starting 1x thread, affinity: 11.
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : hwloc: memory pinned
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : Starting 1x thread, affinity: 12.
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : hwloc: memory pinned
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : Starting 1x thread, affinity: 13.
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : hwloc: memory pinned
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : Starting 1x thread, affinity: 14.
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : hwloc: memory pinned
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : Starting 1x thread, affinity: 15.
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : hwloc: memory pinned
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : Fast-connecting to pool.etn.spacepools.org:3333 pool ...
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : Pool pool.etn.spacepools.org:3333 connected. Logging in...
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : Difficulty changed. Now: 50000.
[2018-07-02 17:19:11] : Pool logged in.
RESULT REPORT
Difficulty : 18840
Good results : 141 / 141 (100.0 %)
Avg result time : 15.5 sec
Pool-side hashes : 2908063
Top 10 best results found:
| 0 | 16095047 | 1 | 1495311 |
| 2 | 1054682 | 3 | 405522 |
| 4 | 347343 | 5 | 313062 |
| 6 | 311532 | 7 | 298945 |
| 8 | 181473 | 9 | 158732 |
Error details:
Yay! No errors.
HASHRATE REPORT - CPU
| ID | 10s | 60s | 15m | ID | 10s | 60s | 15m |
| 0 | 77.3 | 77.1 | 77.2 | 1 | 77.7 | 77.6 | 77.7 |
| 2 | 77.5 | 77.4 | 77.5 | 3 | 77.6 | 77.6 | 77.7 |
| 4 | 78.5 | 78.5 | 78.4 | 5 | 78.5 | 78.5 | 78.4 |
| 6 | 78.5 | 78.5 | 78.4 | 7 | 78.5 | 78.4 | 78.4 |
| 8 | 78.5 | 78.5 | 78.5 | 9 | 78.5 | 78.5 | 78.5 |
| 10 | 78.6 | 78.5 | 78.5 | 11 | 78.6 | 78.5 | 78.5 |
| 12 | 78.5 | 78.5 | 78.5 | 13 | 78.6 | 78.5 | 78.5 |
| 14 | 78.5 | 78.5 | 78.5 | 15 | 78.5 | 78.5 | 78.5 |
Totals (CPU): 1252.5 1251.7 1252.0 H/s
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Totals (ALL): 1252.5 1251.7 1252.0 H/s
Highest: 1253.5 H/s
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Here is the all and only the commands to execute (in a script):
sudo dnf -y update
sudo reboot
sudo dnf -y install gcc gcc-c++ hwloc-devel libmicrohttpd-devel libstdc++-static make openssl-devel cmake git screen
git clone https://github.com/fireice-uk/xmr-stak.git
mkdir xmr-stak/build
cd xmr-stak/build
export CFLAGS="-O2 -march=native -msse3 -fomit-frame-pointer -pipe"
export CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"
export CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
export LDFLAGS="-Wl,-O1"
cmake .. -DCUDA_ENABLE=OFF -DOpenCL_ENABLE=OFF
make -j 16
cd bin
./xmr-stak
Fedora 28 comes with open source driver for NVIDIA cards, so you’ll get a decent and stable driver for your video, but without hardware acceleration and a machine not good for gaming like Steam, not good for scientific usage or crypt mining! In fact in recent open source versions (called nouveau) of the NVIDIA driver some cards got partial hardware acceleration, but most of the latest cards out there still need the proprietary driver!
Our test system is equipped with ASUS ROG Poseidon GeForce® GTX 1080 TI 11GB Platinum Edition by default here is the linux kernel output:
[myuser@localhost ~]$ lspci |grep -i nvidia
0a:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP102 [GeForce GTX 1080 Ti] (rev a1)
0a:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GP102 HDMI Audio Controller (rev a1)
[myuser@localhost ~]$ dmesg|grep -i nvidia
[ 4.606404] nouveau 0000:0a:00.0: NVIDIA GP102 (132000a1)
[ 7.776389] input: HDA NVidia HDMI/DP,pcm=3 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.1/0000:0a:00.1/sound/card0/input14
[ 7.776487] input: HDA NVidia HDMI/DP,pcm=7 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.1/0000:0a:00.1/sound/card0/input15
[ 7.776548] input: HDA NVidia HDMI/DP,pcm=8 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.1/0000:0a:00.1/sound/card0/input16
[ 7.776608] input: HDA NVidia HDMI/DP,pcm=9 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.1/0000:0a:00.1/sound/card0/input17
[myuser@localhost ~]$ cat /proc/modules |grep nouveau
nouveau 2019328 21 - Live 0x0000000000000000
video 45056 2 asus_wmi,nouveau, Live 0x0000000000000000
drm_kms_helper 200704 1 nouveau, Live 0x0000000000000000
mxm_wmi 16384 1 nouveau, Live 0x0000000000000000
ttm 126976 1 nouveau, Live 0x0000000000000000
drm 454656 24 nouveau,drm_kms_helper,ttm, Live 0x0000000000000000
i2c_algo_bit 16384 2 nouveau,igb, Live 0x0000000000000000
wmi 28672 4 asus_wmi,wmi_bmof,nouveau,mxm_wmi, Live 0x0000000000000000
Here are the steps to install NVIDIA proprietary driver on Fedora 28:
STEP 1) Disable UEFI Secure Boot
Check in your BIOS if this feature is enabled. You should disabled it or after a successful installation of the kernel module you must sign it, which is not the goal of this howto. It is probably disabled if you use Linux, but it could be enabled if you use signed kernel, so it is good to check this settings because your driver won’t run if this feature is enabled.
STEP 2) Update your system and reboot. Then install the dependencies for the NVIDIA driver
DKMS is used for building the NVIDIA kernel module when a new kernel is installed. So you do not have to worry if you update your kernel. At first best way is to become root with sudo.
STEP 3) Download the official NVIDIA installer application
Here is the NVIDIA search driver page – https://www.nvidia.com/Download/Find.aspx, just find the card you own and download the driver. Here are the steps we’d past:
So at the end you get a file NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-390.67.run
Select your video card and click on “Search”, we selected GeForce GTX 1080 Ti. Select your video card
Click on the top driver, which is not “beta”. Click on the driver to download
Infromation for the NVIDIA display driver. The most recent is version 390.67. Click on “Download”. Click on download
Click on download again to begin downloading the installation file. You can download NVIDIA End User License Agreement, too. Click on download again to begin downloading the installation file.
STEP 4) Disable the open source nouveau.
The driver must be blacklisted on two places, when the initramfs loads and during the fedora 28 systemd booting. So first put the following in
This is just an example, do not copy the whole line, just add at the end before the ending quotes rd.driver.blacklist=nouveau
STEP 5) Update grub configuration and remove the open source driver from x11 and initram
[root@localhost ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/fedora/grub.cfg
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.17.3-200.fc28.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-4.17.3-200.fc28.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.16.3-301.fc28.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-4.16.3-301.fc28.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-d11e97619bd242a39cd53700ce473c6c
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-d11e97619bd242a39cd53700ce473c6c.img
Found Windows Boot Manager on /dev/nvme0n1p2@/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
Found Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS (16.04) on /dev/sda2
done
[root@localhost ~]# #commeted, use only if your BIOS is not in UEFI mode!!!
[root@localhost ~]# #grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
[root@localhost ~]# dnf remove xorg-x11-drv-nouveau
Dependencies resolved.
=======================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=======================================================================================================================================================================
Removing:
xorg-x11-drv-nouveau x86_64 1:1.0.15-4.fc28 @anaconda 229 k
Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================================================================================================
Remove 1 Package
Freed space: 229 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Erasing : xorg-x11-drv-nouveau-1:1.0.15-4.fc28.x86_64 1/1
Running scriptlet: xorg-x11-drv-nouveau-1:1.0.15-4.fc28.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : xorg-x11-drv-nouveau-1:1.0.15-4.fc28.x86_64 1/1
Removed:
xorg-x11-drv-nouveau.x86_64 1:1.0.15-4.fc28
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# mv /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r)-nouveau.img
[root@localhost ~]# dracut /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img $(uname -r)
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl set-default multi-user.target
Removed /etc/systemd/system/default.target.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target → /usr/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target.
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
As you can see the grub configuration tool found two more operating systems Microsoft Windows 10 and Ubuntu 16 and they are saved in the new configuration, so it is safe to make the new configuration it will preserve the other grub configuration and you’ll be able to boot them if you choose it from the grub menu.
We removed the unnecessary package xorg-x11-drv-nouveau.x86_64, regenerated the initramfs for our kernel and instructed the system to set the default console login – you do not need GUI and you won’t have it (you’ve just removed the GPU driver!) the next time you boot your machine.
STEP 6) Run the NVIDIA installation file from root user
After the restart your system won’t boot in GUI, there will be the login console prompt: Console login
Login with your user and then become root, the installation need to be executed by the root user. Then execute NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-390.67.run, but before you must change the permissions to executable.
[myuser@localhost myuser]# chmod 755 ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-390.67.run
[myuser@localhost myuser]# sudo su
[root@localhost myuser]# ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-390.67.run
Verifying archive integrity... OK
Uncompressing NVIDIA Accelerated Graphics Driver for Linux-x86_64 390.67.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Select “Yes” using tab key and hit enter.
NVIDIA Accelerated Graphics Driver for Linux-x86_64 (390.67)
Would you like to register the kernel module sources with DKMS? This will allow DKMS to automatically build
a new module, if you install a different kernel later.
Yes No
NVIDIA Software Installer for Unix/Linux www.nvidia.com
This will allow DKMS to automatically build a new module, if you install a different kernel later.
Select “Yes” using tab key and hit enter.
NVIDIA Accelerated Graphics Driver for Linux-x86_64 (390.67)
Install NVIDIA's 32-bit compatibility libraries?
Yes No
NVIDIA Software Installer for Unix/Linux www.nvidia.com
Install NVIDIA’s 32-bit compatibility libraries
Select “Yes” using tab key and hit enter.
NVIDIA Accelerated Graphics Driver for Linux-x86_64 (390.67)
Would you like to run the nvidia-xconfig utility to automatically update your X configuration file so that
the NVIDIA X driver will be used when you restart X? Any pre-existing X configuration file will be backed
up.
Yes No
NVIDIA Software Installer for Unix/Linux www.nvidia.com
Would you like to run the nvidia-xconfig utility to automatically update your X configuration file.
Hit enter to continue. Your NVIDIA driver is isntalled successfully.
NVIDIA Accelerated Graphics Driver for Linux-x86_64 (390.67)
Your X configuration file has been successfully updated. Installation of the NVIDIA Accelerated Graphics
Driver for Linux-x86_64 (version: 390.67) is now complete.
OK
NVIDIA Software Installer for Unix/Linux www.nvidia.com
Installation of the NVIDIA Accelerated Graphics Driver for Linux-x86_64 (version: 390.67) is now complete.
STEP 7) Return the default login to be GUI and reboot your machine.
Do not forget you must be root user or execute the commands with sudo.
NVIDIA X server settings – X Server Information. NVIDIA X server settings
NVIDIA X server settings – GPU 0 – (GeForce GTX 1080 Ti) infromation tab. You can see the BIOS version, CUDA cores of 3584, Total Memory 11264 MB, current GPU utilization and more.
[myuser@localhost ~]$ nvidia-smi
Mon Jul 2 03:43:33 2018
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 390.67 Driver Version: 390.67 |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU Name Persistence-M| Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap| Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
| 0 GeForce GTX 108... Off | 00000000:0A:00.0 On | N/A |
| 0% 51C P8 14W / 275W | 244MiB / 11175MiB | 0% Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: GPU Memory |
| GPU PID Type Process name Usage |
|=============================================================================|
| 0 1843 G /usr/libexec/Xorg 12MiB |
| 0 2110 G /usr/bin/gnome-shell 49MiB |
| 0 2400 G /usr/libexec/Xorg 61MiB |
| 0 2489 G /usr/bin/gnome-shell 118MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
vainfo – VA-API driver, the video acceleration API driver
Here is the nouveau – as you can see no acceleration supported:
[myuser@localhost ~]$ vainfo
libva info: VA-API version 1.1.0
libva info: va_getDriverName() returns 0
libva info: Trying to open /usr/lib64/dri/nouveau_drv_video.so
libva info: Found init function __vaDriverInit_1_1
libva info: va_openDriver() returns 0
vainfo: VA-API version: 1.1 (libva 2.1.0)
vainfo: Driver version: mesa gallium vaapi
vainfo: Supported profile and entrypoints
VAProfileNone : VAEntrypointVideoProc
And here is after installing the NVIDIA proprietary driver, you get video acceleration for your video player!
Thanks to xmr-stak we can have one application capable of mining many different cryptocurrencies based on different algorithms. XMR-STAK is GPU and CPU miner, here we present only the CPU ability. Here are the steps you should do to install (in fact install dependencies and compile the miner) and to begin CPU mining:
STEP 1) Update your system and install the following dependencies
Because xmr-stak need a newer version of GNU GCC than the CentOS ships with you must install GNU GCC 5.1 at least. Because the latest versions have better optimizations for the processors we use here GNU GCC 7 from Software Collection repository – more information for this repository here: How to install new gcc and development tools under CentOS 7
[myuser@srv ~]# scl enable devtoolset-7 bash
[myuser@srv ~]# git clone https://github.com/fireice-uk/xmr-stak.git
Cloning into 'xmr-stak'...
remote: Counting objects: 4926, done.
remote: Total 4926 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 4926
Receiving objects: 100% (4926/4926), 1.45 MiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (3512/3512), done.
[myuser@srv ~]# mkdir xmr-stak/build
[myuser@srv ~]# cd xmr-stak/build
[myuser@srv build]# export CFLAGS="-O2 -march=native -msse3 -fomit-frame-pointer -pipe"
[myuser@srv build]# export CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"
[myuser@srv build]# export CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
[myuser@srv build]# export LDFLAGS="-Wl,-O1"
[myuser@srv build]# cmake3 .. -DCUDA_ENABLE=OFF -DOpenCL_ENABLE=OFF
-- Looking for pthread.h
-- Looking for pthread.h - found
-- Looking for pthread_create
-- Looking for pthread_create - not found
-- Looking for pthread_create in pthreads
-- Looking for pthread_create in pthreads - not found
-- Looking for pthread_create in pthread
-- Looking for pthread_create in pthread - found
-- Found Threads: TRUE
-- Found OpenSSL: /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so (found version "1.0.2k")
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /root/xmr-stak/build
[myuser@srv build]# make -j 8
Scanning dependencies of target xmr-stak-c
[ 3%] Building C object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-c.dir/xmrstak/backend/cpu/crypto/c_jh.c.o
[ 19%] Building C object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-c.dir/xmrstak/backend/cpu/crypto/c_blake256.c.o
[ 19%] Building C object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-c.dir/xmrstak/backend/cpu/crypto/c_groestl.c.o
[ 19%] Building C object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-c.dir/xmrstak/backend/cpu/crypto/c_keccak.c.o
[ 19%] Building C object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-c.dir/xmrstak/backend/cpu/crypto/c_skein.c.o
[ 23%] Linking C static library bin/libxmr-stak-c.a
[ 23%] Built target xmr-stak-c
Scanning dependencies of target xmr-stak-backend
[ 26%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/version.cpp.o
[ 30%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/backend/cpu/jconf.cpp.o
[ 34%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/jconf.cpp.o
[ 38%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/backend/cpu/minethd.cpp.o
[ 42%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/backend/cpu/hwlocMemory.cpp.o
[ 46%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/backend/backendConnector.cpp.o
[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/backend/cpu/crypto/cryptonight_common.cpp.o
[ 53%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/backend/globalStates.cpp.o
[ 57%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/http/httpd.cpp.o
[ 61%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/http/webdesign.cpp.o
[ 65%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/misc/console.cpp.o
[ 69%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/misc/executor.cpp.o
[ 73%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/misc/telemetry.cpp.o
[ 76%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/misc/uac.cpp.o
[ 80%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/misc/utility.cpp.o
[ 84%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/net/jpsock.cpp.o
[ 88%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak-backend.dir/xmrstak/net/socket.cpp.o
[ 92%] Linking CXX static library bin/libxmr-stak-backend.a
[ 92%] Built target xmr-stak-backend
Scanning dependencies of target xmr-stak
[ 96%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/xmr-stak.dir/xmrstak/cli/cli-miner.cpp.o
[100%] Linking CXX executable bin/xmr-stak
[100%] Built target xmr-stak
[root@srv build]#
Execute the program to see if everything is OK. With the help output you can see how many algorithms are supported as of version 2.4.5 of xmr-stak.
[myuser@srv bin]# cd bin
[myuser@srv bin]# ./xmr-stak --help
Usage: xmr-stak [OPTION]...
-h, --help show this help
-v, --version show version number
-V, --version-long show long version number
-c, --config FILE common miner configuration file
-C, --poolconf FILE pool configuration file
--benchmark BLOCKVERSION ONLY do a benchmark and exit
--benchwait WAIT_SEC ... benchmark wait time
--benchwork WORK_SEC ... benchmark work time
--noCPU disable the CPU miner backend
--cpu FILE CPU backend miner config file
-i --httpd HTTP_PORT HTTP interface port
The following options can be used for automatic start without a guided config,
If config exists then this pool will be top priority.
-o, --url URL pool url and port, e.g. pool.usxmrpool.com:3333
-O, --tls-url URL TLS pool url and port, e.g. pool.usxmrpool.com:10443
-u, --user USERNAME pool user name or wallet address
-r, --rigid RIGID rig identifier for pool-side statistics (needs pool support)
-p, --pass PASSWD pool password, in the most cases x or empty ""
--use-nicehash the pool should run in nicehash mode
--currency NAME currency to mine
Supported coin options:
- aeon7
- bbscoin
- croat
- cryptonight
- cryptonight_masari
- cryptonight_haven
- cryptonight_heavy
- cryptonight_lite
- cryptonight_lite_v7
- cryptonight_lite_v7_xor
- cryptonight_v7
- cryptonight_v7_stellite
- edollar
- electroneum
- graft
- haven
- intense
- ipbc
- karbo
- masari
- monero7
- stellite
- sumokoin
- turtlecoin
Version: xmr-stak 2.4.5 b3f79de
Brought to by fireice_uk and psychocrypt under GPLv3.
Electroneum CPU mining with XMR-STAK
Using Cryptonote V7 Variant 1 (aka. “monerov7″/”cryptonight_v7”) algorithm. First run.
Couple of important questions to answer:
Please enter the currency that you want to mine: cryptonight_v7
Username (wallet address or pool login): etnk111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 – this is your address, put here your real public wallet address, DO NOT PUT THIS FALSE ADDRESS
Pool address: pool.etn.spacepools.org:3333 – the pool address to use, we use etn.spacepools.org pool
Username (wallet address or pool login): your email address
[myuser@srv bin]# sudo sysctl -w vm.nr_hugepages=128
vm.nr_hugepages = 128
[myuser@srv bin]# ./xmr-stak
Please enter:
- Do you want to use the HTTP interface?
Unlike the screen display, the browser interface is not affected by the GPU lag.
If you don't want to use it, please enter 0, otherwise enter port number that the miner should listen on
0
Configuration stored in file 'config.txt'
Please enter:
- Please enter the currency that you want to mine:
- aeon7
- bbscoin
- croat
- cryptonight
- cryptonight_masari
- cryptonight_haven
- cryptonight_heavy
- cryptonight_lite
- cryptonight_lite_v7
- cryptonight_lite_v7_xor
- cryptonight_v7
- cryptonight_v7_stellite
- edollar
- electroneum
- graft
- haven
- intense
- ipbc
- karbo
- masari
- monero7
- stellite
- sumokoin
- turtlecoin
cryptonight_v7
- Pool address: e.g. pool.example.com:3333
pool.etn.spacepools.org:3333
- Username (wallet address or pool login):
etnk111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
- Password (mostly empty or x):
myuser@example.com
- Rig identifier for pool-side statistics (needs pool support). Can be empty:
- Does this pool port support TLS/SSL? Use no if unknown. (y/N)
N
- Do you want to use nicehash on this pool? (y/n)
n
- Do you want to use multiple pools? (y/n)
n
Pool configuration stored in file 'pools.txt'
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : MEMORY ALLOC FAILED: mlock failed
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : MEMORY ALLOC FAILED: mlock failed
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : MEMORY ALLOC FAILED: mlock failed
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : MEMORY ALLOC FAILED: mlock failed
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : MEMORY ALLOC FAILED: mlock failed
-------------------------------------------------------------------
xmr-stak 2.4.5 b3f79de
Brought to you by fireice_uk and psychocrypt under GPLv3.
Based on CPU mining code by wolf9466 (heavily optimized by fireice_uk).
Configurable dev donation level is set to 2.0%
You can use following keys to display reports:
'h' - hashrate
'r' - results
'c' - connection
-------------------------------------------------------------------
xmr-stak 2.4.5 b3f79de
Brought to you by fireice_uk and psychocrypt under GPLv3.
Based on CPU mining code by wolf9466 (heavily optimized by fireice_uk).
Configurable dev donation level is set to 2.0%
You can use following keys to display reports:
'h' - hashrate
'r' - results
'c' - connection
-------------------------------------------------------------------
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : Mining coin: cryptonight_v7
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : Starting 1x thread, affinity: 0.
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : hwloc: can't bind memory
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : Starting 1x thread, affinity: 1.
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : MEMORY ALLOC FAILED: mlock failed
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : hwloc: can't bind memory
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : Starting 1x thread, affinity: 2.
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : MEMORY ALLOC FAILED: mlock failed
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : hwloc: can't bind memory
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : Starting 1x thread, affinity: 3.
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : MEMORY ALLOC FAILED: mlock failed
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : hwloc: can't bind memory
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : Fast-connecting to pool.etn.spacepools.org:3333 pool ...
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : MEMORY ALLOC FAILED: mlock failed
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : Pool pool.etn.spacepools.org:3333 connected. Logging in...
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : Difficulty changed. Now: 50000.
[2018-06-28 01:30:14] : Pool logged in.
[2018-06-28 01:30:35] : Result accepted by the pool.
[2018-06-28 01:30:43] : Difficulty changed. Now: 35714.
[2018-06-28 01:30:43] : New block detected.
[2018-06-28 01:31:13] : Difficulty changed. Now: 25000.
[2018-06-28 01:31:13] : New block detected.
[2018-06-28 01:31:43] : Difficulty changed. Now: 17500.
[2018-06-28 01:31:43] : New block detected.
[2018-06-28 01:32:13] : Difficulty changed. Now: 12250.
[2018-06-28 01:32:13] : New block detected.
HASHRATE REPORT - CPU
| ID | 10s | 60s | 15m | ID | 10s | 60s | 15m |
| 0 | 67.5 | 64.9 | (na) | 1 | 68.3 | 67.7 | (na) |
| 2 | 69.1 | 67.9 | (na) | 3 | 66.4 | 65.3 | (na) |
Totals (CPU): 271.3 265.8 0.0 H/s
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Totals (ALL): 271.3 265.8 0.0 H/s
Highest: 274.7 H/s
-----------------------------------------------------------------
RESULT REPORT
Difficulty : 3845
Good results : 49 / 49 (100.0 %)
Avg result time : 16.3 sec
Pool-side hashes : 223158
Top 10 best results found:
| 0 | 298785 | 1 | 231734 |
| 2 | 176492 | 3 | 82592 |
| 4 | 50284 | 5 | 49914 |
| 6 | 28493 | 7 | 22570 |
| 8 | 18460 | 9 | 17889 |
Error details:
Yay! No errors.
the processor is “Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E3-1231 v3 @ 3.40GHz” and the hash power is 274.7 H/s.
Systemd linux distros use Journald service to collect and store logs in the system. Here are a couple of tips if you have problems with the space they occupy. It is good that all systemd linux distros support it – CentOS 7, Ubuntu 16+, Fedora, OpenSuse and so on.
TIP 1) Remove the old archive logs older than 10 days with
Time based removal of old logs. It will remove the old files. This command won’t change the configuration, so it just has a temporary effect.
journalctl --vacuum-time=10d
TIP 2) Remove the old archive logs greater than 1G
Size based removal of old logs. It will reduce the size of the logs to this specified size. This command won’t change the configuration, so it just has a temporary effect.
journalctl --vacuum-size=1024M
TIP 3) Show disk usage
[root@srv ~]# journalctl --disk-usage
Archived and active journals take up 785.5M on disk.
TIP 4) Show all logs and information for them
Where are the log files, the size they occupy, the time period of the entries in them and more:
[root@srv0 ~]# journalctl --header
File Path: /run/log/journal/bb5aa69bfa2b483386443ede7a92a45a/system.journal
File ID: 7deaff4610a94c82aab85386597e825b
Machine ID: bb5aa69bfa2b483386443ede7a92a45a
Boot ID: e89507fa3f814b8a96f9d70914c120b0
Sequential Number ID: 541a59d9a68342d3980d86e565a48c7d
State: ONLINE
Compatible Flags:
Incompatible Flags: COMPRESSED-XZ
Header size: 240
Arena size: 102956816
Data Hash Table Size: 178744
Field Hash Table Size: 333
Rotate Suggested: no
Head Sequential Number: 1239405
Tail Sequential Number: 1341511
Head Realtime Timestamp: mon 2018-06-25 10:09:09 UTC
Tail Realtime Timestamp: tue 2018-06-28 00:07:10 UTC
Tail Monotonic Timestamp: 1month 2d 21h 6min 47.287s
Objects: 258136
Entry Objects: 102107
Data Objects: 129585
Data Hash Table Fill: 72.5%
Field Objects: 36
Field Hash Table Fill: 10.8%
Tag Objects: 0
Entry Array Objects: 26406
Disk usage: 98.1M
File Path: /run/log/journal/bb5aa69bfa2b483386443ede7a92a45a/system@541a59d9a68342d3980d86e565a48c7d-000000000011512d-00056f3f3ff56172.journal
File ID: a8e1f042bc144df78f37005b0b555a82
Machine ID: bb5aa69bfa2b483386443ede7a92a45a
Boot ID: e89507fa3f814b8a96f9d70914c120b0
Sequential Number ID: 541a59d9a68342d3980d86e565a48c7d
State: ARCHIVED
Compatible Flags:
Incompatible Flags: COMPRESSED-XZ
Header size: 240
Arena size: 102956816
Data Hash Table Size: 178744
Field Hash Table Size: 333
Rotate Suggested: no
Head Sequential Number: 1134893
Tail Sequential Number: 1239404
Head Realtime Timestamp: fri 2018-06-22 18:32:10 UTC
Tail Realtime Timestamp: mon 2018-06-25 10:09:09 UTC
Tail Monotonic Timestamp: 1month 7h 8min 45.991s
Objects: 263445
Entry Objects: 104512
Data Objects: 131953
Data Hash Table Fill: 73.8%
Field Objects: 34
Field Hash Table Fill: 10.2%
Tag Objects: 0
Entry Array Objects: 26944
Disk usage: 98.1M
File Path: /run/log/journal/bb5aa69bfa2b483386443ede7a92a45a/system@541a59d9a68342d3980d86e565a48c7d-00000000000fc083-00056f0d6ef70320.journal
File ID: 007272b1f181487d83116bee96c40c30
Machine ID: bb5aa69bfa2b483386443ede7a92a45a
Boot ID: e89507fa3f814b8a96f9d70914c120b0
Sequential Number ID: 541a59d9a68342d3980d86e565a48c7d
State: ARCHIVED
Compatible Flags:
Incompatible Flags: COMPRESSED-XZ
Header size: 240
Arena size: 102956816
Data Hash Table Size: 178744
Field Hash Table Size: 333
Rotate Suggested: no
Head Sequential Number: 1032323
Tail Sequential Number: 1134892
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[root@srv0 ~]#
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