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Gentoo clang-15: error: does not contain a GCC installation

Trying to build a package resulted in a building failure because a Clang could not find GNU GCC installation as the error shows.

Executing just x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-clang-15 the same error.

[root@srv ~]# x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-clang-15 
clang-15: error: '/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/12.2.0' does not contain a GCC installation
clang-15: error: no input files

Apparently, because the latest upgrade of GNU GCC went from 12.2.0 to 12.2.1_p20221008 and the directory changed to /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/12.
The Clang binaries read several configuration files and one of them was not updated when the GCC had been upgraded. The configuration file /etc/clang/gentoo-gcc-install.cfg has the wrong path, because the gcc-config version was an old one or the configuration file is generated only on GCC major version, not in the minor. But the last upgrade didn’t modified the Clang configuration file /etc/clang/gentoo-gcc-install.cfg

To resolve this issue, the user may edit the file manually or just use gcc-config to revert to the older and then to the new GCC version at once. List the currently installed GCC versions in the system and choose one.

[root@srv ~]# gcc-config -l
 [1] x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-8.2.0
 [2] x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-8.3.0
 [3] x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-9.2.0
 [4] x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-10.3.0
 [5] x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-11.3.0
 [6] x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-12 *
[root@srv ~]# gcc-config x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-11.3.0
 * Switching native-compiler to x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-11.3.0 ...
>>> Regenerating /etc/ld.so.cache...                                                                  [ ok ]
 * If you intend to use the gcc from the new profile in an already
 * running shell, please remember to do:

 *   . /etc/profile

[root@srv ~]#  gcc-config x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-12
 * Switching native-compiler to x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-12 ...
>>> Regenerating /etc/ld.so.cache...                                                                  [ ok ]
 * If you intend to use the gcc from the new profile in an already
 * running shell, please remember to do:

 *   . /etc/profile
[root@srv ~]# . /etc/profile

Check the sys-devel/gcc-config for available upgrades and do them if there are!
More Gentoo tips here.

Install Fedora Workstation 37 (Gnome GUI)

This article will show the simple steps of installing a modern Linux Distribution like Fedora 37 Workstation Edition with Gnome for the graphical user interface. First, it is offered the basic steps for installing the Operating system and then there are some screenshots of the installed system and its look and feel. Soon another article will show more screenshots of the installed and working Fedora 37 (Gnome and KDE plasma) – so the user may decide which of them to try first.
This is the most straightforward setup. One hard disk device in the system is installed, which is detected as sda and the entire disk will be used for the installation of Fedora Workstation 37. All disk information in sda disk device will be permanently deleted by the installation wizard!

The Fedora 37 Workstation comes with

Xorg X11 server – 1.20.14 and Xorg X11 server XWayland 22.1.5 is used by default
GNOME (the GUI) – 43.0
linux kernel – 6.0.7

Check out our article about what software is included in Review of freshly installed Fedora 37 Workstation (Gnome GUI).

There are previous installations howto articles for the older Fedora 36 – Review of freshly installed Fedora 36 Workstation (Gnome GUI), Install Fedora Workstation 31 (Gnome GUI), Install Fedora Workstation 30 (Gnome GUI).

The following ISO is used for the installation process: https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/37/Workstation/x86_64/iso/Fedora-Workstation-Live-x86_64-37-1.7.iso
It is a LIVE image so you can try it before installing. The easiest way is just to download the image and burn it to a DVD disk (or make a bootable USB flash drive) and then follow the installation below:

SCREENSHOT 1) Boot from the UEFI DVD-ROM device.

It is the same with the USB bootable removable drive. Choose the UEFI USB drive and boot the installation live drive.

Keep on reading!

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List all Gentoo packages built against the old Lua or specific version

After similar articles about Python (List all Gentoo packages built against the old python or specific version) under Gentoo and Ruby List all Gentoo packages built against the old ruby or specific version, the Lua upgrade in Gentoo may have similar problems, so this article shows how to list old Lua modules and packages built against old Lua environments. Despite a clean upgrade without any blockers or masked packages, sometimes, on old machines, there might be packages left still built against an old version of Lua, which is even no longer available on the system!

On Gentoo, there are two important flags in the configuration make.conf file:

LUA_SINGLE_TARGET="lua5-4"
LUA_TARGETS="lua5-1 lua5-4"

The LUA_TARGETS controls the support of multiple Lua versions installed on the system. When the Gentoo package has a use flag lua, the builder emerge will build the Lua module for all the Lua versions in LUA_TARGETS. Some programs or libraries may not support multiple versions to be installed on the system and they may require to specify just one Lua library target, against which they are going to be built and that’s why LUA_SINGLE_TARGET exists. In most cases, the LUA_SINGLE_TARGET should be the active (default in the system) Lua version.
Keep on reading!

Create graph for Linux Processes grouped by states using Grafana, InfluxDB and collectd

This article shows how to make a graph showing a Linux machine’s processes states. This plugin could gather the number of the processes grouped by their state or metadata per the selected process defined in the configuration (metadata includes process state, size of the resident segment size (RSS), system/user time used, and so on.). The purpose of this article is to make a graph with all the processes grouped by their state. Graphs per process data are not included here.

The Linux machine is using collectd to gather the processes statistics and send them to the time series back-end – InfluxDB. Grafana is used to visualize the data stored in the time series back-end InfluxDB and organize the graphs in panels and dashboards. Check out the previous articles on the subject to install and configure such software to collect, store and visualize data – Monitor and analyze with Grafana, influxdb 1.8 and collectd under CentOS Stream 9, Monitor and analyze with Grafana, influxdb 1.8 and collectd under Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Create graph for Linux CPU usage using Grafana, InfluxDB and collectd
The collectd daemon is used to gather data on the Linux system and to send it to the back-end InfluxDB.

Key knowledge for the Processes collectd plugin

The collectd plugin Processes official page – https://collectd.org/wiki/index.php/Plugin:Processes
The Processes plugin options – https://collectd.org/documentation/manpages/collectd.conf.5.shtml#plugin_processes
to enable the Processes plugin, load the plugin with the load directive in /etc/collectd.conf
```
LoadPlugin processes
```
The Processes plugin collects data every 10 seconds.

processses_value – a single Gauge value – a metric, which value that can go up and down. It is used to count the number of processes in the different states (the state is saved in a tag value of one record). So there are multiple gauge values with different tags for the different process states at a given time.

tag key	tag value	description
host	server hostname	The name of the source this measurement was recorded.
type	cpu	ps_state is the type, which will group the processes by states.
type_instance	processes’ states	States are – blocked, paging, running, sleeping, stopped, zombies.

A Gauge value – a metric, which value that can go up and down. More on the topic – Data sources.

A GAUGE value is simply stored as-is. This is the right choice for values which may increase as well as decrease, such as temperatures or the amount of memory used.

To cross check the value, the user can use the /proc/stat

[root@srv ~]# cat /proc/stat 
cpu  804 0 732 6240 198 106 25 0 0 0
cpu0 444 0 345 3092 121 44 14 0 0 0
cpu1 359 0 387 3147 76 62 11 0 0 0
intr 72376 117 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 156 0 187 187 0 0 188 273 0 0 0 0 0 0 6574 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ctxt 216350
btime 1667997331
processes 1359
procs_running 2
procs_blocked 0
softirq 38704 2 5003 5 290 6565 0 74 5796 0 20969

Some of the lines are pretty clear about what they mean by “procs_running“, “processes“, “procs_blocked” and so on.

Keep on reading!

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Run a docker container with bigger storage

By default, the Docker command-line utility docker runs containers with 10G storage, which in most cases is enough, but if the user wants to just run a specific container with bigger storage there is an option for the docker command:

docker run --storage-opt size=50G

The option size=50G will set the docker container storage for the current only run command!

Run a Ubuntu 22.04 Docker container with 50G root storage:

root@srv ~ # docker run --storage-opt size=50G -it ubuntu:22.04 bash
Unable to find image 'ubuntu:22.04' locally
22.04: Pulling from library/ubuntu
e96e057aae67: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:4b1d0c4a2d2aaf63b37111f34eb9fa89fa1bf53dd6e4ca954d47caebca4005c2
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:22.04
root@4caab8c61157:/# df -h
Filesystem                                                                                          Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/docker-253:0-39459726-2f2d655687e5bd39620a2a083960ac969d8163b806152765a1fc166f0a82d3d9   50G  170M   50G   1% /
tmpfs                                                                                                64M     0   64M   0% /dev
tmpfs                                                                                               7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
shm                                                                                                  64M     0   64M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/map-99f55d81-4132-42d4-9515-33d8cc11d3e2                                                3.6T  1.5T  2.2T  40% /etc/hosts
tmpfs                                                                                               7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /proc/asound
tmpfs                                                                                               7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /proc/acpi
tmpfs                                                                                               7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /proc/scsi
tmpfs

It’s worth mentioning this option “–storage-opt size=50G” is different from the “–storage-opt dm.basesize=50G“, the first one is used as a command argument to the docker command-line utility. The second one is used with the dockerd daemon to change the default Docker behavior from 10G to 50G storage. Note, either option cannot change the storage size of the already started container.

List all Gentoo packages built against the old ruby or specific version

After a similar article about Python (List all Gentoo packages built against the old python or specific version) under Gentoo, the Ruby upgrade in Gentoo may have similar problems, so this article shows how to list old Ruby modules and packages build against old ruby environments. Despite a clean upgrade without any blockers or masked packages, sometimes, on old machines, there might be packages left still built against an old version of Ruby, which is no longer available on the system!

On Gentoo, there is one important flag in the configuration make.conf file:

RUBY_TARGETS="ruby30 ruby31"

The RUBY_TARGETS controls the support of multiple Ruby versions installed on the system. When the Gentoo package has a use flag ruby, the builder emerge will build the Ruby module for all the Ruby versions in RUBY_TARGETS.
Keep on reading!

List all Gentoo packages built against the old python or specific version

Updating python under Gentoo is not always straightforward work. Despite a clean upgrade without any blockers or masked packages, sometimes, on old machines, there might be packages left still built against an old version of python, which is no longer available on the system!

On Gentoo, there are two important flags in the configuration make.conf file:

PYTHON_TARGETS="python3_8 python3_10"
PYTHON_SINGLE_TARGET="python3_8"

The PYTHON_TARGETS and PYTHON_SINGLE_TARGET control the support of multiple Python versions installed on the system. When the Gentoo package has a use flag python, the builder emerge will build the python module for all the Python versions in PYTHON_TARGETS. Some programs or libraries may not support multiple versions to be installed on the system and they may require to specify just one Python library target, against which they are going to be built and that’s why PYTHON_SINGLE_TARGET exists. In most cases, the PYTHON_SINGLE_TARGET should be the active (default in the system) Python version.
Keep on reading!

Create graph for Linux CPU usage using Grafana, InfluxDB and collectd

This article shows how to make a graph showing a Linux machine’s CPU Usage.

The Linux machine is using collectd to gather the load average and send it to the time series back-end – InfluxDB. Grafana is used to visualize the data stored in the time series back-end InfluxDB and organize the graphs in panels and dashboards. Check out the previous articles on the subject to install and configure such software to collect, store and visualize data – Monitor and analyze with Grafana, influxdb 1.8 and collectd under CentOS Stream 9 and Monitor and analyze with Grafana, influxdb 1.8 and collectd under Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.
The collectd daemon is used to gather data on the Linux system and to send it to the back-end InfluxDB.

Key knowledge for the cpu collectd plugin

The collectd plugin CPU official page – https://collectd.org/wiki/index.php/Plugin:CPU
The CPU plugin options – https://collectd.org/documentation/manpages/collectd.conf.5.shtml#plugin_cpu
to enable the CPU plugin, load the plugin with the load directive in /etc/collectd.conf
```
LoadPlugin cpu
```
The CPU plugin collects data every 10 seconds.

cpu_value – 1 derive value is saved in the database. All values are in jiffies – the kernel unit of time. Showing just jiffers is not practical, that’s why all CPU graphs convert jiffers to CPU percentage usage.

tag key	tag value	description
host	server hostname	The name of the source this measurement was recorded.
instance	execution units number	The execution unit this measurement was recorded. For example, systems with 8 cores will have 8 different execution units, so instances from 0 to 7. A graph representing the usage of a single CPU core is possible.
type	cpu	The only type available is cpu.
type_instance	CPU usage metrics	CPU metrics – idle, interrupt, nice, softirq, steal, system, user, wait.

DERIVE value – a metric, in which the change of the value is interesting. For example, it can go up indefinitely and it is important how fast it goes up, there are functions and queries, which will give the user the derivative value.

These data sources assume that the change of the value is interesting, i.e. the derivative. Such data sources are very common with events that can be counted, for example, the number of emails that have been received per second by an MTA since it was started. The total number of emails is not interesting.

To cross check the value, the user can use the /proc/stat

[root@srv ~]# cat /proc/stat 
cpu  939 0 988 51486 200 261 56 0 0 0
cpu0 483 0 473 25796 89 114 25 0 0 0
cpu1 455 0 514 25690 110 147 31 0 0 0
intr 123072 118 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 156 0 409 409 0 0 1184 501 0 0 0 0 0 0 6823 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ctxt 279137
btime 1666874114
processes 1373
procs_running 1
procs_blocked 0
softirq 64069 2 13685 7 544 6967 0 77 15801 0 26986

Keep on reading!

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Create graph for Linux Load Average using Grafana, InfluxDB and collectd

This article shows how to make a graph showing a Linux machine’s load average.

The Linux machine is using collectd to gather the load average and send it to the time series back-end – InfluxDB. Grafana is used to visualize the data stored in the time series back-end InfluxDB and organize the graphs in panels and dashboards. Check out the previous articles on the subject to install and configure such software to collect, store and visualize data – Monitor and analyze with Grafana, influxdb 1.8 and collectd under CentOS Stream 9 and Monitor and analyze with Grafana, influxdb 1.8 and collectd under Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.
The collectd daemon is used to gather data on the Linux system and to send it to the back-end InfluxDB.

Key knowledge for the load collectd plugin

The collectd plugin Load official page – https://collectd.org/wiki/index.php/Plugin:Load
The Load plugin options – https://collectd.org/documentation/manpages/collectd.conf.5.shtml#plugin_load
to enable the load plugin, load the plugin with the load directive in /etc/collectd.conf
```
LoadPlugin load
```
The Load plugin collects data every 10 seconds.
load_longterm, load_midterm, load_shortterm – 3 gauge values are saved in the database.
Gauge value – a metric, which value that can go up and down.

A GAUGE value is simply stored as-is. This is the right choice for values which may increase as well as decrease, such as temperatures or the amount of memory used.

To cross check the value, the user can use the uptime command under Linux or /proc/loadavg

[root@srv ~]# uptime
 23:08:09 up 52 min,  2 users,  load average: 1.00, 0.77, 0.38
[root@srv ~]# cat /proc/loadavg 
1.00 0.77 0.38 2/176 1900

Keep on reading!

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Monitor and analyze with Grafana, influxdb 1.8 and collectd under Ubuntu 22.04 LTS

This is an updated version of the previous version of this topic – Monitor and analyze with Grafana, influxdb 1.8 and collectd under CentOS Stream 9, but this time for Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. The article describes how to build modern analytic and monitoring solutions for system and application performance metrics. A solution, which may host all the server’s metrics and a sophisticated application, allows easy analyses of the data and powerful graphs to visualize the data.
A brief introduction to the main three software used to build the proposed solution:

Grafana – an analytics and a web visualization tool. It supports dashboards, charts, graphs, alerts, and many more.
influxdb – a time series database. Bleeding fast reads and writes and optimized for time.
collectd – a data collection daemon, which obtain metrics from the host it is started and sends the metrics to the database (i.e. influxdb). It has around 170 plugins to collect metrics.

What is the task of each tool:

collectd – gathers metrics and statistics using its plugins every 10 seconds on the host it runs and then sends the data over UDP to the influxdb using a simple text-based protocol.
influxdb – listens on an open UDP port for data coming from multiple collectd instances installed on many different devices. In this case, a Linux server running Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.
Grafana – an analytics and a web visualization tool. A web application, which connects to the InfluxDB and visualizes the time series metrics in graphs organized in dashboards. Graphs for CPU, memory, network, storage usage, and many more.
nginx to enable SSL and proxy in front of the Grafana.

The whole solution uses the Ubuntu 22.04 LTS server edition distro. Installing the Ubuntu 22.04 LTS is a mandatory step to proceed further with this article – Installation of base Ubuntu server 22.04 LTS
The UDP influxdb port should be open per IP basis and web port of the web server (nginx) is up to the purpose of the solution – it can be behind a VPN or openly accessible by Internet.

STEP 1) Install additional repositories for Grafana, InfluxDB and collectd.

collectd is part of the Ubuntu official repositories. Grafana and InfluxDB maintain their official repositories. Here is how to install them.
Add the InfluxDB repository by first, importing the key of the InfluxDB repository and add the URL of the repository in /etc/apt/sources.list.

myuser@srv:~$ sudo curl -sL https://repos.influxdata.com/influxdb.key | sudo apt-key add -
Warning: apt-key is deprecated. Manage keyring files in trusted.gpg.d instead (see apt-key(8)).
OK
echo 'deb https://repos.influxdata.com/debian stable main' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/influxdata.list

Then, repeated the same procedure with the Grafana repository:

myuser@srv:~$ sudo curl -sL https://packages.grafana.com/gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
Warning: apt-key is deprecated. Manage keyring files in trusted.gpg.d instead (see apt-key(8)).
OK
echo 'deb https://packages.grafana.com/oss/deb stable main' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list

Execute apt update to include the available file packages from all repositories including the ones:

apt update

Keep on reading!

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