ubuntu 20.04 lts | Any IT here? Help Me!

Chromium browser in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS without snap to use in docker container

Ubuntu team has its own vision for the snap (https://snapcraft.io/) service and that’s why they have moved the really big and difficult to maintain Chromium browser package in the snap package. Unfortunately, the snap has many issues with docker containers and in short, it is way difficult to run snap in a docker container. The user may just want not to mess with snap packages (despite this is the future according to the Ubuntu team) or like most developers they all need a browser for their tests executed in a container.
Whether you are a developer or an ordinary user this article is for you, who wants Chromium browser installed not from the snap service under Ubuntu 20.04 LTS!
There are multiple options, which could end up with a Chromium browser installed on the system, not from the snap service:

Using Debian package and Debian repository. The problem here is that using simultaneously Ubuntu and Debian repository on one machine is not a good idea! Despite the hack, Debian packages are with low priority – https://askubuntu.com/questions/1204571/chromium-without-snap/1206153#1206153
Using Google Chrome – https://www.google.com/chrome/?platform=linux. It is just a single Debian package, which provides Chromium-like browser and all dependencies requesting the Chromium browser package are fulfilled.
Using Chromium team dev or beta PPA (https://launchpad.net/~chromium-team) for the nearest version if still missing Ubuntu packages for Focal (Ubuntu 20.04 LTS).
more options available?

This article will show how to use Ubuntu 18 (Bionic) Chromium browser package from Chromium team beta PPA under Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal). Bionic package from the very same repository of Ubuntu Chromium team may be used, too.

All dependencies will be downloaded from the Ubuntu 20.04 and just several Chromium-* packages will be downloaded from the Chromium team PPA Ubuntu 19 repository. The chances to break something are really small compared to the options 1 above, which uses the Debian packages and repositories. Hope, soon we are going to have focal (Ubuntu 20.04 LTS) packages in the Ubuntu Chromium team PPA!

Dockerfile

An example of a Dockerfile installing Chromium (and python3 selenium for automating web browser interactions)

RUN apt-key adv --fetch-keys "https://keyserver.ubuntu.com/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0xea6e302dc78cc4b087cfc3570ebea9b02842f111" \
&& echo 'deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/chromium-team/beta/ubuntu bionic main ' >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/chromium-team-beta.list \
&& apt update
RUN export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
&& export DEBCONF_NONINTERACTIVE_SEEN=true \
&& apt-get -y install chromium-browser
RUN apt-get -y install python3-selenium

First command adds the repository key and the repository to the Ubuntu source lists. Note we are adding the “bionic main”, not “focal main”.
From the all dependencies of the Bionic chromium-browser only three packages are pulled from the Bionic repository and all other are from the Ubuntu 20 (Focal):

.....
Get:1 http://ppa.launchpad.net/chromium-team/beta/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra amd64 84.0.4147.38-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 [1174 kB]
.....
Get:5 http://ppa.launchpad.net/chromium-team/beta/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 chromium-browser amd64 84.0.4147.38-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 [67.8 MB]
.....
Get:187 http://ppa.launchpad.net/chromium-team/beta/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 chromium-browser-l10n all 84.0.4147.38-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 [3429 kB]
.....

Here is the whole Dockerfile sample file:

#
#   Docker file for the image "chromium brower without snap"
#
FROM ubuntu:20.04
MAINTAINER myuser@example.com

#chromium browser
#original PPA repository, use if our local fails
RUN echo "tzdata tzdata/Areas select Etc" | debconf-set-selections && echo "tzdata tzdata/Zones/Etc select UTC" | debconf-set-selections
RUN export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive && export DEBCONF_NONINTERACTIVE_SEEN=true
RUN apt-get -y update && apt-get -y upgrade
RUN apt-get -y install gnupg2 apt-utils wget
#RUN wget -O /root/chromium-team-beta.pub "https://keyserver.ubuntu.com/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0xea6e302dc78cc4b087cfc3570ebea9b02842f111" && apt-key add /root/chromium-team-beta.pub
RUN apt-key adv --fetch-keys "https://keyserver.ubuntu.com/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0xea6e302dc78cc4b087cfc3570ebea9b02842f111" && echo 'deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/chromium-team/beta/ubuntu bionic main ' >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/chromium-team-beta.list && apt update
RUN export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive && export DEBCONF_NONINTERACTIVE_SEEN=true && apt-get -y install chromium-browser
RUN apt-get -y install python3-selenium

Desktop install

The desktop installation is almost the same as the Dockerfile above. Just execute the following lines:
Keep on reading!

Software and technical overview of Ubuntu 20.04 LTS server edition

Ubuntu 20.04 LTS server edition offers the following software and versions:

Software

linux kernel – 5.4.0 – 5.4.0-29-generic
System
- linux-firmware – 1.187
- libc – 2.31 – 2.31-0ubuntu9
- GNU GCC – multiple versions available – 7.5.0, 8.4.0, 9.3.0 and 10-20200411. The exact versions – 7.5.0-6ubuntu2, 8.4.0-3ubuntu2, 9.3.0-10ubuntu2 and 10-20200411-0ubuntu1
- OpenSSL – 1.1.1f – 1.1.1f-1ubuntu2
- coreutils – 8.308.30-3ubuntu2
- apt – 2.0.2ubuntu0.1
- rsyslog – 8.2001.0 – 8.2001.0-1ubuntu1
Servers
- Apache – 2.4.41 – 2.4.41-4ubuntu3
- Nginx – 1.17.10 – 1.17.10-0ubuntu1
- MySQL server – 8.0.208.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1
- MariaDB server – 10.3.22 – 10.3.22-1ubuntu1
- PostgreSQL – 12.2-4
Programming
- PHP – 7.4 – 7.4.3-4ubuntu1.1
- python – 3.8.2 (3.8.2-0ubuntu2) and also includes 2.7.17 (2.7.17-2ubuntu4)
- perl – 5.30.0 and also includes perl 6 6.d-2
- ruby – 2.7 – 2.7+1
- OpenJDK – includes multiple versions – 8, 11, 13 and 14. The exact versions are 8u252-b09-1ubuntu1, 11.0.7+10-3ubuntu1, 13.0.3+3-1ubuntu2 and 14.0.1+7-1ubuntu1
- Go lang – multiple versions – 1.13.8 and 1.14.2. The exact versions – 1.13.8-1ubuntu1 and 1.14.2-1ubuntu1
- Rust – 1.41.0 – 1.41.0+dfsg1+llvm-0ubuntu2
- Subversion – 1.13.0 – 1.13.0-3
- Git – 2.25.1 – 2.25.1-1ubuntu3
- llvm – multiple versions – 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. The exact versions – 6.0.1-14, 7.0.1-12, 8.0.1-9, 9.0.1-12, 10.0-50~exp1
Graphical User Interface
- Xorg X server – 1.20.8 – 1.20.8-2ubuntu2
- GNOME (the GUI) – 3.36.x – Gnome Shell – 3.36.1

Note: Not all of the above software comes installed by default. The versions above are valid for the intial release so in fact, these are the minimal versions you get with Ubuntu 20 LTS and installing and updating it after the initial date may update some of the above packages with new versions. Installed packages are 582 occupying 11G space.

During the installation wizard you may want to install the following snap software environments. Of course, this software is available after the installation setup, too.

microk8s from Canonical – Kubernetes for workstations and appliances. https://microk8s.io/
nextcloud from Nextcloud – Nextcloud Server – safe home for all your data. https://nextcloud.com/
wekan from xet7 – Open-Source kanban. https://wekan.github.io/ and https://github.com/wekan/wekan/wiki
kata-containers from Katacontainers – Lightweight virtual machines that seamlessly plug info the containers ecosystem. https://katacontainers.io/
docker from Canonical – Docker container runtime. https://www.docker.com/
canonical-livepatch from Canonical – Canonical Livepatch Client – patch your kernel without rebooting! https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Livepatch and https://ubuntu.com/livepatch
rocketchat-server from rocketchat – Group chat server for 100s. https://rocket.chat/install
mosquitto from Mosquitto – Eclipse Mosquitto MQTT broker. https://mosquitto.org/
etcd from Canonical – Resilient key-value store by CoreOS. https://etcd.io/ and https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd
powershell from Microsoft PowerShell – PowerShell for every system. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/ and https://github.com/PowerShell/Powershell
stress-ng from cking-kernel-tools – A tool to load, stress test and benchmark a computer system. https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Reference/stress-ng
sabnzbd from safihre – SABnzbd, Free and easy binary newsreader. https://sabnzbd.org/
wormhole from snapcrafters – get things from one computer to another, safely. https://snapcraft.io/wormhole and https://github.com/warner/magic-wormhole
aws-cli from aws – Universal Command Line Interface for Amazon Web Services. https://aws.amazon.com/cli/
google-cloud-sdk from google-cloud-sdk – Command-line interface for Google Cloud Platform products and services. https://cloud.google.com/sdk
slcli from SoftLayer – Python based SoftLayer API Tool. https://sldn.softlayer.com/tools/slcli/
doctl from DigitalOcean – DigitalOcean command line tool. https://www.digitalocean.com/docs/apis-clis/doctl/ and https://github.com/digitalocean/doctl
conjure-up from Canonical – Package runtime for conjure-up spells. https://conjure-up.io/
minidlna-escoand from Escoand – Server software with the aim of being fully compliant with DLNA/UPnP clients. https://snapcraft.io/minidlna-escoand
postgresql10 from cmd – PostgreSQL is a powerful, open source object-relational database system. https://wwwUbuntu 20.04 LTS.postgresql.org/
heroku from heroku – CLI client for Heroku. https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/heroku-cli
keepalived from keepalived-project – High availability VRRP/BFD and load-balancing for Linux. https://www.keepalived.org/
prometheus from canonical-is-snaps – The Prometheus monitoring system and time series database. https://prometheus.io/
juju from Canonical – Simple, secure and stable devops. Juju keeps complexity low and productivity high. Manage applications wherever they are run. https://jaas.ai/

The test server is equipped with “Threadripper 1950X AMD“, which is 16 cores CPU.
Check out Minimal installation of Ubuntu server 20.04 LTS, too.

Keep on reading!

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Minimal installation of Ubuntu server 20.04 LTS

This tutorial will show you the simple steps of installing a modern Linux Distribution – Ubuntu server 20.04 LTS edition. Following most of the default options during the setup configuration for simplicity.

Here are some basic data from the default installation setup settings:

Installed packages – ~582 occupying 11G of space.
3 partitions when using automatic patition layout – boot efi, swap and root.
ext4 used for the root parition.

We used the following ISO for the installation process – Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa):

http://releases.ubuntu.com/focal/ubuntu-20.04-live-server-amd64.iso

It is a LIVE image so you can try it before installing it. The easiest way is just to download the image and burn it to a DVD disk and then follow the installation below:

SCREENSHOT 1) Boot from the disk or USB – whatever you made after downloading the ISO file from Ubuntu official source.

On the image here the DVD is used to boot in UEFI mode installation.

Keep on reading!

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